I-Erbium (Er) iglasi ye-phosphate ene-dopedibonisa iipropathi ezininzi eziluncedo, ezikhokelele kwimfuno eyongeziweyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ye-Er: iglasi lasers kwizicelo njengokouluhlu olubanzi njengoluhlu lwelaser, unxibelelwano lomgama omde, idermatology, kunye ne-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).I-Erbium fiber amplifiers yenza unxibelelwano olukhawulezayo lwehlabathi kwintambo ye-transpacific phakathi kweHong Kong kunye neLos Angeles, Er: i-glass laser rangefinders isetyenziswa kakhuluizicelo zokhuselo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwakhona, kwayeEr: iilaser zobuhle beglasibafumana umdlaukususa amanxebakwaye nkquukunyanga ukulahleka kweenweleokubangelwa yi-androgenetic alopecia.
Ezi zithuba zikhulayo zesicelo zifuna iglasi yelaser echanekileyo ephezulu kunye nokunyamezela okufunwayo kwe-dimensional kunye ne-laser-power coatings ephezulu.Ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kunika abahlanganisi benkqubo ukuzithemba ukuba amacandelo anokubekwa ngokulula kwiinkqubo zabo ngaphandle kokulungelelaniswa okuchitha ixesha, kodwa ezi nkcukacha zinika umngeni kubenzi beglasi belaser.Ulawulo lwenkqubo kunye nokugxila kwi-metrology kuyafuneka kubavelisi beglasi yelaser ukwenza amacandelo ayimfuneko afunekayo kwindawo ekhulayo ye-NIR laser optics.
KUTHENI I-ERBIUM-DOPED GLAS ?
Kumashumi aliqela eminyaka edlulileyo, ukuqhubela phambili okubalulekileyo kuye kwenziwa kwitekhnoloji ye-laser esekwe kwi-phosphate ngokubhekiselele kumandla aphuculweyo aphumayo, ixesha elifutshane lokubetha, ubungakanani benkqubo obuncitshisiweyo, kunye nobude obutsha bokusebenza.I-Er: iilaser zeglasi zihlala zikhupha kumaza akhuselekileyo esweni e-1540nm, 1550nm, okanye 1570nm, eluncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni uluhlu kunye nezinye iimeko apho abantu banokuvezwa kwimitha.La maza amaza azuza kusulelo oluphezulu ngeatmosfera.I-1540nm ikwafumana ukufunxwa okuncinci yi-melanin, okwenza i-Er: i-laser yeglasi ibe yeyona ifanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-laser yobuhle kwizigulana ezinebala elimnyama.
Umzobo 1. Amandla anamandla e-erbium.I-Er: iilaser zeglasi zihlala zimponthwa nge-laser ye-800nm okanye i-980nm kwaye ziphuma kwi-1540nm okanye i-1570nm.
Iglasi yePhosphate ifikelela kuthumelo oluphezulu kwaye inokufakwa ii-athomu zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezifana ne-erbium kunye ne-ytterbium ukuze ikwazi ukufikelela kwi-inversion yabantu kunye ne-lase xa ibonakaliswe kwi-wavelength yepompo ye-800nm okanye i-980nm (Umfanekiso 1).I-Er: iglasi nayo inokumponthwa ngeefotoni kwi-1480nm, kodwa oku akunqweneleki kuba ukusebenza kakuhle kunokuthotywa ngokumpompa kunye nokukhutshwa kwemveliso okwenzeka kubude obufanayo kunye nebhendi yamandla.[3]Iiglasi zePhosphate nazo zixhamla kuzinzo lwekhemikhali kunye nemigangatho ephezulu yomonakalo eyenziwe ngelaser (LIDTs), okwenza i-Er:iglasi kunye nezinye iiglasi ze-phosphate ezine-doped zibe ngabaviwa abafanelekileyo be-NIR laser bafumane imidiya.
Iiglasi zePhosphate zinokunyibilika okuphezulu kweeyoni zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kuneeglasi ze-silicate, ezibonisa ulwakhiwo olungqongqo lwematrix.[1]Nangona kunjalo, babonisa i-bandwidth emxinwa kuneeglasi ze-silicate kwaye zincinci i-hygroscopic, oku kuthetha ukuba zifunxa ngakumbi ukufuma emoyeni.Ke ngoko, zikhawulelwe kwizicelo kwi-bandwidth yazo kunye neenkqubo apho ziya kukhuselwa ngokwaneleyo kumswakama ngokugquma okanye ezinye ii-optics.
UKUNYAMEZELA OKUQINILE KUNYE NOLAWULO LWENKQUBO
Uninzi lwezicelo ezixoxiwe ngaphambili, ngakumbi ukufunyanwa kwe-laser kwizicelo zokhuselo, zihlala zifuna i-Er encinci: izinto zeglasi ezinokunyamezelana okuqinileyo.Ezi slabs zicolisiweyo zeglasi yelaser zinokuphoswa kwiindibano ngaphandle kolungelelwaniso oluncinci olufunekayo.Banokwehla baye kubukhulu beSIM khadi kwaye kaninzi ababonisi iibevels kuba zincinci kakhulu (Umfanekiso 2).Oku kwenza ukuba i-edge chipping ibe lula.Ukufezekisa ukuhambelana okuqinileyo kunye nokucaciswa komgangatho womphezulu kula macandelo amancinci kunokuba ngumngeni omkhulu.Indawo ecacileyo, okanye inxenye yomphezulu obonakalayo ekufuneka ihlangabezane nazo zonke iinkcukacha, ihlala iphantse ibe yi-100%, ishiya kancinci okanye ingabikho indawo yempazamo ejikeleze imiphetho yeendawo ezibonayo.
Umzobo 2. Er: amacwecwe eglasi asetyenziselwa ukukhangela uluhlu lwelaser kunye nezinye usetyenziso lwelaser yeNIR zihlala zilingana neSIM khadi eqhelekileyo okanye encinci.
Kutheni ke ukutyhubela yonke le ngxaki?Izisombululo zangaphambili zihlala zibandakanya ii-subassemblies ezinkulu zamacandelo amaninzi ekristale ancanyathiselwe kwi-Nd: ibha ye-YAG.Ezi zixhobo zongezelelweyo zingabandakanya iipleyiti zeBrewster, i-absorber e-saturable ye-passive Q-switching, okanye i-crystals yokuguqulwa kwamaza.Iikristale zoguqulo lwamaxesha amaninzi zibalulekile kwisifumani-ndawo okanye kwezinye iinkqubo ezivulekileyo zomoya kuba ubude bamaza okukhutshwa kwe-neodymium buyingozi kakhulu kune-erbium kwaye kufuneka itshintshelwe kumgama omde ngaphambi kokuba isasazwe ngokukhuselekileyo kumgama omde.
Usetyenziso lweRangefinder luhlala lunomothuko kunye nemfuno yokungcangcazela, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukudibanisa amacandelo amaninzi kunye ngelixa kuhlangatyezwana nazo zonke iinkcukacha ezinzima.Ukusuka kolu yilo oludala ukuya kwelinye, iqhekeza elikhazimlisiweyo le-Er: iglasi ephumeza imisebenzi efanayo ngeengubo ezahlukeneyo ezincitshisiweyo zenkqubo kunye neendleko.Iikristale ze-YAG zihlala zisetyenziswa kwi-angle ye-Brewster, kodwa umphumo ofanayo unokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa iingubo.Kuba i-Er: ii-slabs zeglasi kufuneka zigqunywe, kuyanceda ukongeza kolu hlobo lokugquma ukupakisha ukusebenza okuninzi kangangoko kwaye wonge iindleko kwenye indawo.
Ngenxa yokuba iiglasi ze-phosphate ziyi-hygroscopic kancinane, ukuba i-Er ayigqunywanga: iglasi ishiywe ngaphandle iintsuku ezininzi inokuthotywa.Umgangatho womphezulu kufuneka ulawulwe ngaphambi kokugquma ukunqanda ukufuma kungahambi kwiglasi.Iingubo ezifakwe kwindawo ekhazimlisiweyo yesilabhu seglasi yokugqibela inceda ukubakhusela kolu konakala.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-Er encinci, i-high-precision Er: i-glass slabs yi-<5 arcmin perpendicularity for the edges, <10 arcsec of perpendicularity for the ends, and a surface quality better than 10-5 scratch dig.Ezi nkcukacha zinyanzelisayo zifuna indawo ecocekileyo, iinkqubo ezilawulwa kakhulu, kunye nexesha elincitshisiweyo lokuchukumisa.
Iglasi yeLaser iqhelekile ukuba nemigangatho emibini ekhazimlisiweyo eziphelweni ngelixa ezinye iindawo ziphantsi, kodwa amanye amacala ezi Er: ii-slabs zeglasi nazo zikhazimlisiwe kwaye zinyamezeleke kakhulu ukwenza lula ulungelelwaniso.Ukukhetha ukuba ngawaphi amacala oza kupolishwa kwaye uqatywe kuqala, ngawaphi amacala aza kupolishwa phambi okanye emva kokudayiva, kunye nexesha lokusebenzisa icala elinye okanye icala eliphindwe kabini konke kumisela ixabiso kunye nesivuno.Umahluko kwisivuno phakathi kwenkqubo engenalwazi kunye nenkqubo ephuculwe ngumenzi onamava ngokulula unokuba mkhulu njengomlinganiselo wesithathu.
Ukuze kuncitshiswe ixesha lokuthintela kunye nokuphucula izivuno, kulungele ukuba yonke imveliso kunye nokugquma kwenziwe kwindawo enye.Ngalo lonke ixesha inxalenye egqitywe ngokuyinxenye ithunyelwa ngenqanawa phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo amathuba okungcoliseka kunye nomonakalo uyenyuka kakhulu, kunye nexesha elongezelelweyo lokufola.
ABANINGI ABANGAPHAMBILI-LIDT ABANGAPHAMBILI
Omnye umceli mngeni wokwenziwa kwe-Er encinci: ii-slabs zeglasi zokufumana uluhlu kunye nezinye izicelo ezichanekileyo ze-NIR kukuba ii-coatings ezininzi zihlala zifakwa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zecandelo.Oku kunzima ngenxa yokulungiswa okufunekayo kunye nokukhuselwa kweendawo ezicocekileyo ezingagqunywanga phambi kokwaleka.Kwakhona kungumngeni kubavelisi ukuba baphephe ukutshiza okanye ukuvuthela ngasemva kwe-slab, ekufuneka ikhuselwe ngexesha lokugquma.Iziphelo zibonakalisa i-anti-reflective (AR) yokugquma kunye ne-lase-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs).Imiphetho ikwabonisa iingubo eziphezulu ze-LIDT AR ukuze zingenise umqadi wempompo.Amandla epompo ahlala engaphezulu kunokukhutshwa.Ezinye ii-slabs ezinamacala amane zineengubo ezongezelelweyo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kwizibuko ze-high-reflectivity ye-high-reflectivity, ucalucalulo lwamaza, kunye nokwaliwa kokukhanya kwempompo.
IMETROLOGY: UKUBA AWUKWAZI UKUYIMALISA AWUKWAZI UYENZA
Ukuchaneka kokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo alunamsebenzi ngaphandle kwe-metrology efanelekileyo efunekayo ukulinganisa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa iinkcukacha eziphambili.I-Laser interferometers, efana ne-ZYGO Verifier, isoloko isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukucaba, kodwa xa kusenziwa umlinganiselo omncinci we-Er:glass slabs umphezulu ongasemva uqala ukuphazamisana nemilinganiselo yomphezulu ongaphambili ngenxa yemfuno efunwayo ye-parallelism.Abanini-zithuthi banokujikeleza oku ngokugalela iVaseline okanye enye into kumphezulu ongasemva, kodwa lo mphezulu kufuneka ucocwe kwakhona kwaye amathuba okuba nomonakalo welungu ayanda.Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubela phambili kwamva nje kumlinganiselo we-flatness kuphelisa imiphumo evela kumphezulu ongemva kwaye uvumele ukuba imilinganiselo ye-flatness yenziwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingabikho umonakalo.Ii-chips emaphethelweni e-slabs zinokuthintela abaqhubi ukuba balinganise ngokuchanekileyo i-flatness, eyenza ukulawulwa kwenkqubo ngexesha lokuvelisa kubaluleke ngakumbi.I-Perpendicularity kunye ne-wedge ziqinisekiswa kusetyenziswa i-autocollimator yokupasa kabini.
Isithuba esikhulayo sesicelo se-Er: iilaser zeglasi ziya kuqhubeka nokutyhala abavelisi becandelo le-optical ukwenza iglasi yelaser echanekileyo ephezulu nangaphezulu.I-1540nm kunye ne-1570nm izicelo ze-laser ezikhuselekileyo zamehlo zinceda ukwenza ukusetyenziswa kukhuseleke, ukonyusa ukuzithemba ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-laser yobuhle, kunye nokuphucula unxibelelwano lomgama omde.Elona cebiso lilungileyo lelokuba xa kusenziwa inkqubo ye-laser ye-NIR;xoxa ngeemfuno zakho zesicelo kunye nomboneleli wakho wecandelo ukuze ufumane isikhokelo sokukhangela ukhetho oluchanekileyo lweglasi yelaser efanelekileyo kunye namanye amacandelo.
Eli nqaku libhalwe nguCory Boone, iNjineli yeNtengiso yobuGcisa, u-Edmund Optics (uBarrington, NJ) kunye noMike Middleton, uMphathi wokuSebenza, u-Edmund Optics Florida (Oldsmar, FL).
Ulwazi oluthe vetshe ngemveliso, ungaza kundwendwela iwebhusayithi yethu:
https://www.erbiumtechnology.com/
I-imeyile:devin@erbiumtechnology.com
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Ixesha loHlaziyo: Apr-01-2022
