Ngokwendlela eyahlukileyo yesizukulwana se-laser ye-infrared yamaza amafutshane, kukho iindidi ezintathu zeelases ze-infrared amaza amafutshane, ezizezi, iisemiconductor lasers, iifiber lasers kunye ne-slid-state lasers.Phakathi kwazo, ii-laser zombuso oqinileyo zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-laser zombuso oqinileyo ngokusekwe kuguqulo lwe-optical nonlinear wavelength kunye neelases eziqinileyo ezivelisa ngokuthe ngqo ii-laser ze-infrared ezimfutshane ezivela kwizinto zokusebenza ze-laser.
I-laser ye-semiconductor isebenzisa izinto ze-semiconductor njengezinto zokusebenza ze-laser, kwaye i-laser wavelength ephumayo igqitywe ngumsantsa webhendi wezinto ze-semiconductor.Ngophuhliso lwesayensi yezinto, iibhendi zamandla zemathiriyeli ye-semiconductor zinokulungelelaniswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaza e-laser ngokusebenzisa ubunjineli bamandla.Ke ngoko, amaza amaza e-laser e-infrared amafutshane amaninzi anokufumaneka nge-lasemiconductor lasers.
Eyona nto isebenzayo yelaser ye-laser ye-infrared semiconductor laser yimathiriyeli ye-phosphor.Ngokomzekelo, i-laser ye-indium phosphide semiconductor ye-laser ene-aperture size ye-95 μm ine-output laser wavelengths ye-1.55 μm kunye ne-1.625 μm, kwaye amandla afikelele kwi-1.5 W.
I-laser ye-Fiber isebenzisa i-fiber yeglasi enqabileyo-doped yomhlaba njenge-laser medium kunye ne-laser semiconductor njengomthombo wempompo.Ineempawu ezigqwesileyo ezinje ngomda ophantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle koguqulo, umgangatho olungileyo wokuphuma komqadi, ulwakhiwo olulula, kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.Isenokuthatha ithuba lobubanzi obubanzi bemitha ye-ion yomhlaba enqabileyo ukwenza i-laser yefiber enokutyibilika ngokongeza izinto ezikhethiweyo zamehlo ezinje ngegrayiti kwiresonator yelaser.I-Fiber lasers ibe ngumkhombandlela obalulekileyo kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe belaser.
1.I-laser eqinile
Imithombo yeendaba eqinileyo ye-laser enokuvelisa ngokuthe ngqo ii-laser ze-infrared ezimfutshane zizii-Er: iikristale ze-YAG kunye neekeramics, kunye neglasi ye-Er-doped.I-laser-state eqinile esekwe kwi-Er: i-crystal ye-YAG kunye neekeramics zinokukhupha ngokuthe ngqo i-1.645μm i-laser ye-infrared ye-short-wave, eyindawo eshushu kuphando lwe-laser ye-infrared efutshane kwiminyaka yakutshanje [3-5].Okwangoku, i-pulse energy ye-Er: i-lasers ye-YAG esebenzisa i-electro-optic okanye i-acousto-optic Q-switching ifikelele ezimbalwa ukuya kumashumi e-mJ, i-pulse ububanzi beshumi le-ns, kunye nokuphindaphinda ukuphindaphinda kwamashumi ukuya kumawaka e-Hz.Ukuba i-laser semiconductor ye-1.532 μm isetyenziswa njengomthombo wempompo, iya kuba neenzuzo ezinkulu kwintsimi ye-laser ye-reconnaissance esebenzayo kunye ne-laser countermeasures, ngokukodwa umphumo wayo we-stealth kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo zesilumkiso se-laser.
I-Er iglasi ye-laser inesakhiwo esihlangeneyo, ixabiso eliphantsi, ubunzima obulula, kwaye inokuqonda ukusebenza kwe-Q-switched.Ngowona mthombo wokukhanya okhethiweyo wokuchongwa okusebenzayo kwelaser ye-infrared yamaza amafutshane.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeentsilelo ezine zezinto zeglasi ze-Er: Okokuqala, i-wavelength ephakathi ye-spectrum yokufunxa i-940 nm okanye i-976 nm, eyenza ukupompa kwesibane kube nzima ukufezekisa;Okwesibini, ukulungiswa kwezinto zeglasi ze-Er kunzima kwaye akulula ukwenza ubukhulu obukhulu;Okwesithathu, i-glass ye-Er Isixhobo sineempawu ezimbi ze-thermal, kwaye akulula ukufezekisa ukuphindaphinda ukusebenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ixesha elide, kungabikho ukusebenza okuqhubekayo;okwesine, akukho zixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokutshintsha i-Q.Nangona uphando lwe-laser ye-infrared ye-infrared esekelwe kwiglasi ye-Er ibisoloko itsala umdla wabantu, ngenxa yezizathu ezine ezingentla, akukho mveliso iphumileyo.Ukuza kuthi ga ngo-1990, kunye nokuvela kwemivalo ye-laser ye-semiconductor ene-wavelengths ye-940 nm kunye ne-980 nm, kunye nokuvela kwezinto ezixubileyo zokufunxa ezifana ne-Co2 +: MgAl2O4 (i-cobalt-doped magnesium aluminate), iibhotile ezimbini eziphambili zomthombo wempompo kunye nokutshintsha kwe-Q. zaphukile.Uphando kwiilaser zeglasi luphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza.Ingakumbi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imodyuli yelizwe lam encinci ye-Er yeglasi ye-laser, edibanisa umthombo wempompo ye-semiconductor, i-glass ye-Er kunye ne-resonant cavity, inobunzima obungaphezu kwe-10 g, kwaye inomlinganiselo omncinci wokuvelisa i-batch ye-50 kW iimodyuli zamandla aphezulu.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusebenza kakubi kwe-thermal ye-Er glass material, ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiweyo kwemodyuli ye-laser kusephantsi.I-laser frequency yemodyuli ye-50 kW kuphela yi-5 Hz, kunye nobuninzi be-laser frequency kwimodyuli ye-20 kW yi-10 Hz, enokusetyenziswa kuphela kwizicelo eziphantsi.
Imveliso ye-laser ye-1.064 μm yi-Nd: YAG i-laser ye-pulsed inamandla aphezulu ukuya kwi-megawatts.Xa ukukhanya okuqinileyo okuhambelanayo kudlula kwizinto ezithile ezikhethekileyo, iiphoton zayo zisasazeke ngokungagungqiyo kwiimolekyuli zezinto, oko kukuthi, iifotoni ziyafunxwa kwaye ziveliswe ngokwentelekiso iifotoni ze-Low-frequency.Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezinto ezinokufezekisa le mpembelelo yokuguqulwa rhoqo: enye i-crystals engabonakaliyo, njenge-KTP, i-LiNbO3, njl.;enye yigesi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu efana ne-H2.Zibeke kwi-optical resonant cavity ukwenza i-oscillator yeparametric oscillator (OPO).
I-OPO esekwe kwigesi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu idla ngokubhekisa kwi-oscillator evuselelweyo yeRaman esasaza isibane separametric.Isibane sempompo sitsalwa ngokuyinxenye kwaye senza amaza okukhanya aphantsi.I-laser ye-Raman eqolileyo isebenzisa i-laser ye-1.064 μm ukumpompa igesi ephezulu yoxinzelelo lwe-H2 ukufumana i-1.54 μm i-laser ye-infrared short-wave.
UMBONISO 1
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo ye-GV ye-infrared ye-infrared kumfanekiso womgama omde ebusuku.Isibane se-laser kufuneka sibe yi-laser ye-infrared short-pulse short-wave enamandla aphezulu aphezulu, kwaye ukuphindaphinda kwayo kufuneka kuhambelane nefreyim yekhamera ye-strobed.Ngokwemeko yangoku yee-laser ze-infrared ezimfutshane ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, i-diode-pumped Er: iilaser ze-YAG kunye ne-OPO-based 1.57 μm ii-solid-state lasers zezona zikhetho zilungileyo.Ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiweyo kunye namandla aphezulu e-miniature Er glass laser kusafuneka kuphuculwe.3.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-laser ye-infrared ye-short-wave kwi-photoelectric anti-reconnaissance
Undoqo we-laser ye-infrared anti-reconnaissance efutshane kukuntywila kwezixhobo zotshaba ze-optoelectronic reconnaissance esebenza kwibhendi ye-infrared emfutshane enemiqadi ye-laser ye-infrared, ukuze ikwazi ukufumana ulwazi ekujoliswe kulo okanye ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, okanye umtshini wonakele.Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ze-laser ye-infrared anti-reconnaissance eziqhelekileyo, ezizezi, ukuphazamiseka kokukhohlisa komgama kwi-laser ekhuselekileyo yamehlo omntu kunye nomonakalo wokucinezelwa kwikhamera ye-infrared yamaza amafutshane.
1.1 Ukuphazamiseka kokukhohlisa komgama kwi-laser yokhuseleko lwamehlo omntu
I-pulsed laser rangefinder iguqula umgama phakathi kwethagethi kunye nethagethi ngexesha lekhefu le-laser pulse libuyela emva naphambili phakathi kwendawo yokuqalisa kunye nethagethi.Ukuba i-detector ye-rangefinder ifumana ezinye ii-laser pulses phambi kokuba isignali ye-echo ebonakalisiweyo yethagethi ifike kwindawo yokuqaliswa, iya kumisa ixesha, kwaye umgama oguqulwayo awungowona umgama wethagethi, kodwa uncinci kunomgama wangempela wethagethi.Umgama wobuxoki, ofezekisa injongo yokukhohlisa umgama we-rangefinder.Kwii-laser ezikhuselekileyo zamehlo, i-laser ye-infrared pulse lasers yobude obufanayo inokusetyenziselwa ukuphumeza ukuphazamiseka kokukhohlisa umgama.
Ilaser ephumeza uphazamiso lokukhohlisa komgama we- rangefinder ilinganisa ukubonakaliswa kosasazo lwethagethi kwi-laser, ngoko ke amandla encopho yelaser aphantsi kakhulu, kodwa ezi meko zimbini zilandelayo kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nazo:
1) I-laser wavelength kufuneka ifane nobude obusebenzayo boluhlu oluphazamisekileyo.Isihluzo sokuphazamiseka sifakwe phambi kwesixhobo sokufumana uluhlu, kwaye i-bandwidth imxinwa kakhulu.IiLaser ezinobude obungekuko ubude bobude obusebenzayo azikwazi ukufikelela kumphezulu wephotosensitive wesixhobo.Nokuba i-1.54 μm kunye ne-1.57 μm lasers ezinamaza afanayo azikwazi ukuphazamisana.
2) Ukuphindaphinda kwe-laser kufuneka kube phezulu ngokwaneleyo.Umtshina we-rangefinder uphendula kwisignali ye-laser efikelela kumphezulu we-photosensitive kuphela xa uluhlu lulinganiswa.Ukufezekisa ukuphazamiseka okusebenzayo, i-pulse yokuphazamiseka kufuneka ubuncinane icinezele kwisango le-wave wave 2 ukuya kwi-3 pulses.Isango loluhlu olunokuthi luphunyezwe ngoku lungomyalelo we-μs, ngoko ke i-laser ephazamisayo kufuneka ibe nokuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiweyo.Ukuthatha umgama othagethiweyo oziikhilomitha ezi-3 njengomzekelo, ixesha elifunekayo ukuze i-laser ibuye ibuye ibuye kanye ngama-20 μs.Ukuba ubuncinane ii-pulses ezi-2 zingenisiwe, i-laser repetition frequency kufuneka ifikelele kwi-50 kHz.Ukuba uluhlu oluncinci lwe-laser rangefinder yi-300 m, ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-jammer ayikwazi ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-500 kHz.Iilaser ze-semiconductor kuphela kunye ne-fiber lasers zinokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuphindaphinda.
1.2 Ukuphazamiseka okucinezelayo kunye nomonakalo kwiikhamera ze-infrared zamaza amafutshane
Njengenxalenye ephambili yenkqubo ye-imaging ye-infrared yamaza amafutshane, ikhamera ye-infrared ye-short-wave inoluhlu olulinganiselweyo oluguquguqukayo lwamandla okukhanya okuphendula kwi-InGaAs ye-focal plane detector.Ukuba isiganeko samandla optical sidlula umda ophezulu woluhlu oluguquguqukayo, i-saturation iya kwenzeka, kwaye i-detector ayikwazi ukwenza umfanekiso oqhelekileyo.Amandla aphezulu I-laser iya kubangela umonakalo osisigxina kwi-detector.
I-laser ye-semiconductor yamandla eqhubekayo kunye nephantsi kunye ne-fiber lasers ene-repetition frequency frequency ilungele ukunyanzeliswa okuqhubekayo kweekhamera ezimfutshane ze-infrared.Ngokuqhubekayo ulayite ikhamera ye-infrared yamaza amafutshane ngelaser.Ngenxa yempembelelo enkulu yokukhulisa i-lens ye-optical, indawo ekufikelelwe kuyo yi-laser diffused spot on the InGaAs focal plane igcwele kakhulu, kwaye ke ayinakubonakaliswa ngokuqhelekileyo.Kuphela emva kokuba i-laser irradiation imisiwe ixesha elithile, ukusebenza kwe-imaging kunokubuyela ngokuthe ngcembe kwisiqhelo.
Ngokweziphumo zeminyaka emininzi yophando kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso ze-laser ezisebenzayo zokumelana ne-infrared kwiibhendi ezibonakalayo kunye ne-infrared kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo lomonakalo owenziwe kwintsimi, kuphela ii-laser ezimfutshane ezinamandla amakhulu eemegawatts nangaphezulu zinokubangela umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa kwiTV. iikhamera kumgama weekhilomitha kude.umonakalo.Ingaba umphumo womonakalo unokufezekiswa, amandla aphezulu e-laser ngundoqo.Ngethuba nje amandla aphezulu aphezulu kunomqobo womonakalo we-detector, i-pulse enye inokonakalisa i-detector.Ngokombono wobunzima bokuyila i-laser, ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiweyo kwelaser akunyanzelekanga ukuba kufikelele kumlinganiselo wesakhelo sekhamera okanye nangaphezulu, kwaye i-10 Hz ukuya kwi-20 Hz inokuhlangabezana nezicelo zokulwa.Ngokwendalo, iikhamera ze-infrared ezimfutshane azikho ngaphandle.
I-InGaAs izijongi zenqwelomoya ezigxile kwi-electron ziquka iiCCDs ze-electron bombardment ezisekwe kwi-InGaAs/InP ye-electron migration photocathodes kunye ne-CMOS eyaphuhliswa kamva.I-Saturation yabo kunye nemingcele yomonakalo ikwindlela efanayo yobukhulu njenge-CCD / CMOS esekelwe kwi-Si, kodwa i-InGaAs / i-InP-based detectors ayikafunyanwa.Ukuzaliswa kunye nomonakalo wedatha yeCCD/COMS.
Ngokwemeko yangoku ye-laser ye-infrared ye-shortwave ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, i-1.57 μm ephindaphindayo i-laser ye-solid-state laser esekelwe kwi-OPO iseyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulimala kwelaser kwiCCD/COMS.Ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kwe-atmospheric yokungena kunye nencopho ephezulu yamandla e-short pulse laser Ukugubungela indawo yokukhanya kunye ne-pulse enye esebenzayo iimpawu zicacile kumandla okubulala athambileyo wenkqubo ye-optoelectronic yomgama omde exhotyiswe ngeekhamera ze-infrared zamaza amafutshane.
2 .Isiphelo
I-laser ye-infrared yamaza amafutshane anobude obuphakathi kwe-1.1 μm kunye ne-1.7 μm inokuhanjiswa okuphezulu kwe-atmospheric kunye nekhono elinamandla lokungena kwinkungu, imvula, ikhephu, umsi, isanti kunye nothuli.Ayibonakali kwizixhobo zemveli ezisezantsi zokukhanya ebusuku.I-laser kwi-1.4 μm ukuya kwi-1.6 μm band ikhuselekile kwiliso lomntu, kwaye ineempawu ezahlukileyo ezifana ne-detector eqolileyo kunye ne-peak impendulo ye-wavelength kolu luhlu, kwaye ibe lukhokelo olubalulekileyo lophuhliso lwezicelo zomkhosi we-laser.
Eli phepha lihlalutya iimpawu zobugcisa kunye nesimo se-laser ezine eziqhelekileyo ze-infrared ze-laser ezimfutshane, kubandakanya i-phosphor semiconductor lasers, i-Er-doped fiber lasers, i-Er-doped solid-state lasers, kunye ne-OPO-based solid-state lasers, kwaye ishwankathela ukusetyenziswa. kwezi lasers ze-infrared ze-infrared kwi-photoelectric active reconnaissance.Izicelo eziqhelekileyo kwi-anti-reconnaissance.
I-1) Incopho eqhubekayo nephantsi yamandla aphezulu okuphindaphinda i-phosphor semiconductor lasers kunye ne-Er-doped fiber lasers zisetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa okuncedisayo ukucupha umgama omde kunye nokujolisa ebusuku kunye nokucinezela ukuphazamiseka kwiikhamera ze-infrared zotshaba.I-high-repetition short-pulse phosphor semiconductor lasers kunye ne-Er-doped fiber lasers zikwayimithombo efanelekileyo yokukhanya yenkqubo ye-pulse yokhuseleko lwamehlo ukusuka, ukuskena kwe-laser ye-imaging radar kunye ne-eye ukhuseleko lwe-laser rangefinder umgama wokuphazamiseka.
2) I-OPO-based solid-state lasers enezinga eliphantsi lokuphindaphinda kodwa ngamandla encopho yeemegawatts okanye ishumi leemegawathi zinokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwirada yokucinga ngeflash, ukujonga umgama omde we-laser gating ebusuku, ukonakala kwe-laser ye-infrared yamaza amafutshane kunye imo yemveli ekude amehlo omntu Ukhuseleko laser ukusuka.
3) I-laser yeglasi encinci ye-Er yenye yezalathiso ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ze-laser ye-infrared yamaza amafutshane kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Amandla akhoyo ngoku kunye namanqanaba okuphindaphinda ama-frequency angasetyenziswa kwi-miniature eye-laser rangefinders yokhuseleko lwamehlo.Ekuhambeni kwexesha, akuba amandla encopho efikelele kwinqanaba le-megawatt, anokusetyenziselwa irada yokucinga ngeflash, i-laser gating observation, kunye nomonakalo welaser kwiikhamera ze-infrared zamaza amafutshane.
4) I-diode-pumped Er: YAG laser efihla isixhobo sesilumkiso se-laser sisikhokelo sophuhliso oluphambili lwamandla aphezulu amaza amaza e-infrared lasers.Inokusebenza okukhulu kwi-flash lidar, ukujonga umgama omde we-laser gating ebusuku, kunye nomonakalo we-laser.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, njengoko iinkqubo zezixhobo zineemfuno eziphezulu neziphezulu zokudityaniswa kweenkqubo ze-optoelectronic, izixhobo zelaser ezincinci nezikhaphukhaphu ziye zaba yinto engenakuthintelwa kuphuhliso lwezixhobo zelaser.I-laser ye-semiconductor, i-fiber lasers kunye ne-laser miniature kunye nobukhulu obuncinci, ubunzima obulula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi I-laser yeglasi ye-Er ibe yindlela ehamba phambili yokuphuhliswa kwee-laser ze-infrared ezimfutshane.Ngokukodwa, iilaser zefiber ezinomgangatho olungileyo womqadi zinokubanakho ukusetyenziswa okukhulu ekukhanyeni okuncediswayo kwasebusuku, ukujongwa okufihlakeleyo kunye nokujolisa, ukuskena i-lidar yomfanekiso, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-laser.Nangona kunjalo, amandla / amandla ezi ntlobo zintathu zeelaser ezincinci kunye nezikhaphukhaphu ziphantsi ngokubanzi, kwaye zingasetyenziselwa kuphela izicelo zokufumana ulwazi olufutshane, kwaye azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufumana kwakhona okude kunye nokuphikisana.Ke ngoko, kugxilwe kuphuhliso kukunyusa amandla / amandla e-laser.
I-OPO-based solid-state lasers inomgangatho olungileyo we-beam kunye namandla aphezulu aphezulu, kunye nezinto eziluncedo zazo ekubonweni okude kumgama, i-radar yomfanekiso we-flash kunye nomonakalo we-laser zisacace kakhulu, kunye ne-laser yemveliso yamandla kunye ne-laser yokuphindaphinda frequency kufuneka yongezwe ngakumbi. .Kwi-diode-pumped Er: YAG lasers, ukuba amandla e-pulse anyukile ngelixa ububanzi be-pulse bunyanzelwa ngakumbi, iya kuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kwi-OPO solid-state lasers.Ineengenelo ekubonweni kwesango elikude, i-flash imaging radar, kunye nomonakalo welaser.Amandla osetyenziso olukhulu.
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